Piano examinations provide a structured path for musical development, offering benchmarks, motivation, and recognized credentials. Three major systems are commonly used in North America: RCM (Royal Conservatory of Music), ABRSM (Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music), and AIM (Achievement in Music). This guide compares these systems to help you choose the right one for your goals.
Overview of Each System
RCM (Royal Conservatory of Music)
The Royal Conservatory of Music, based in Toronto, Canada, offers exams widely used throughout North America. Founded in 1886, it has become the most popular examination system in Canada and has significant presence in the United States.
- Levels: Preparatory A & B, Level 1-10, ARCT (Licentiate)
- Origin: Canada
- Availability: North America (primarily)
- Recognition: Widely recognized in Canada; growing in U.S.
ABRSM (Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music)
ABRSM, based in London, is the world's leading music exam board. It's the product of a collaboration between the UK's four major music conservatoires. ABRSM exams are recognized internationally in over 90 countries.
- Levels: Initial, Grades 1-8, ARSM, DipABRSM, LRSM, FRSM
- Origin: United Kingdom
- Availability: Global (90+ countries)
- Recognition: Strong international recognition
AIM (Achievement in Music)
AIM is a U.S.-based examination program offered by the National Guild of Piano Teachers. It emphasizes repertoire performance and is popular among American teachers seeking a straightforward exam pathway.
- Levels: Multiple levels from Preparatory through Diploma
- Origin: United States
- Availability: United States (primarily)
- Recognition: U.S.-focused recognition
Structure Comparison
Level Equivalencies (Approximate)
While exact equivalencies vary, here's a rough comparison:
| RCM | ABRSM | Approximate Level |
|---|---|---|
| Prep A-B | Initial | Pre-beginner |
| Level 1-2 | Grade 1 | Beginner |
| Level 3-4 | Grade 2-3 | Early Intermediate |
| Level 5-6 | Grade 4-5 | Intermediate |
| Level 7-8 | Grade 6-7 | Late Intermediate |
| Level 9-10 | Grade 8 | Advanced |
| ARCT | DipABRSM+ | Diploma |
Exam Components
Each system tests similar skills but with different emphases:
RCM Exams Include:
- Repertoire (3 pieces from different lists)
- Technical requirements (scales, chords, arpeggios)
- Ear tests (intervals, chords, rhythmic playback)
- Sight reading
- Separate theory exams (required for certificates)
ABRSM Exams Include:
- Pieces (3 from each of lists A, B, C)
- Scales and arpeggios
- Sight-reading
- Aural tests (listening and responding)
- Separate theory exams (required for Grades 6-8)
AIM Exams Include:
- Repertoire (memorized pieces, number varies by level)
- Technical requirements vary
- Less emphasis on theory in most programs
Repertoire Differences
Each system has its own syllabus with curated repertoire lists:
- RCM: Extensive repertoire lists with many options; includes Canadian composers; updated periodically
- ABRSM: Carefully selected pieces; changes with each syllabus update (every few years); often includes contemporary commissions
- AIM: Flexible repertoire; more teacher discretion in selection
The repertoire in RCM and ABRSM is generally similar in difficulty at comparable levels, though specific pieces differ.
Theory Requirements
RCM Theory
- Separate theory exams parallel practical grades
- Required for Level 5+ certificates: Theory co-requisites
- Comprehensive theory through harmony and history
ABRSM Theory
- Grade 5 theory (or Practical Musicianship 5) required before taking Grades 6-8 practical
- Theory gradings 1-8 available
- Strong emphasis on literacy skills
AIM Theory
- Less formal theory integration
- Teacher-dependent supplementation
Recognition and Usage
In the United States
- RCM: Growing popularity; many exam centers
- ABRSM: Well-established internationally; available in major cities
- AIM: Strongest presence; many local auditions
In Canada
- RCM: Dominant system; widely recognized by universities
- ABRSM: Available but less common
Internationally
- ABRSM: Most recognized globally
- RCM: Recognized in North America
Which System to Choose?
Choose RCM if:
- You're in Canada or U.S. and want North American recognition
- You want comprehensive theory integration
- You prefer extensive repertoire options
- University applications in Canada are a goal
Choose ABRSM if:
- International recognition is important
- You may relocate internationally
- You appreciate British conservatory tradition
- You want globally portable credentials
Choose AIM if:
- You're focused on repertoire performance
- You prefer a U.S.-centric approach
- Local recognition meets your needs
- Your teacher uses this system
Our Recommendation
At The Music Academy, we prepare students for both RCM and ABRSM examinations. We generally recommend:
- RCM for most students in Salt Lake Valley due to its comprehensive curriculum and strong North American recognition
- ABRSM for families who may relocate internationally or who value its global prestige
We determine the best fit during your consultation based on your specific goals and circumstances.
Summary
| Aspect | RCM | ABRSM | AIM |
|---|---|---|---|
| Origin | Canada | UK | USA |
| Recognition | North America | Global | USA |
| Theory | Integrated | Required for higher grades | Less formal |
| Levels | Prep-10 + ARCT | 1-8 + Diplomas | Multiple tiers |